Hadley+R

Hi! = Primary Source: Unit 4 =
 * Tennis Court Oath **

= The School of Athens: Aristotle =

I chose Aristotle because he was a very important and influencial Greek philosopher. He is very well known for being a student of Plato's. Also, he was the author of works in many subjects such as politics, government, logic, and the natural sciences. He also tutored Alexander the great. Aristotelianism is a tradtion of philosophy that takes its inspirtaion from the work of Aristotle. During the renaissance, there was a renewed study of Aristotle and his works. Many scholars believed in Aristitelianism and studied it. Another person who should be added to the painting is Galileo. He contributed to the start of the Renaissance. He was an Italian physicst, mathmatician, astronomer, and philosopher. He contibuted greatly to the scientific revolution. Yes, good idea. However, he lived later than the painting was made of course. -SW

=**Primary Source- Mayan Calander**= The Mayan Calander is a system of calanders used in pre-Columbian mesoamerica. The essentials of the Maya calander are based upon a system which has been in common use throughout the region, dating back to at least the 5th century BCE. The Maya Calander consists of several cycles or counts of different lengths. the 260-day count is known asTzolkin. The Tzolkin was combined with a 365-day vague solar year known as the Haab' to form a synchronized cycle lasting for 52 Haab' called a calander round. They also had shorter cycles that lasted 13 days called the trecena, and a 20 day cylce called the vientena. These were both very important cycles. This was a very unique calader and it is very important. It had the concept of cylcles, as well as the 365 day cylcle, which we use today as one year. It is important because we base our calander off of it.

Sources: []

Primary Source- Ancient Egypt

This is the king-list in the temple of Sethos I at Abydos, Old Kingdom names. There was no history writing during the Old Kingdom in Egypt, but there were annals, brief records of important events. These are only incompletely preserved. ‍‍‍‍We also have lists of kings‍‍‍‍, although they date from later periods, mostly from the New Kingdom. The most important among the annals is the so-called Royal Canon of Turin, copied in about 1250 BC.

The Egyptians counted the years of each king's reign, but began again when a new king came to the throne. There are no astronomical dates known from the Old Kingdom. The only way of establishing exactly when each king ruled is by adding up the lengths of the reigns known from the lists of kings or from the dates that survive on contemporary monuments.

Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/egyptians/primary_sources_01.shtml

Clas Starter: African Diseases

There were many diseases in Sub- Sahara Africa. Some of these diseases were apart of a group call Neglected tropical diseases. In Sub- Sahara Africa, the impact of these diseases were comparable to Teberculosis and Malaria. Some general classifications are parasites, bacterial infections, and viral infections. Here are some examples.

Filariasis: Filariasis is a parasitic disease caused by thread-like nematodes or round worms. There are three types of Filariasis: Lymphatic filariasis, Subcutaneous filariasis, and Serous cavity filariasis. In Lymphatic filariasis, the worms occupy the lymphatic system. In Subcutaneous filariasis, the worms occupy the subcutaneous layer of the skin, in the fat layer. And Serous cavity filariasis is caused by worms that occupy the serous cavity of the abdoden. Lymphatic filariasis is thought to have affected humans since about 4000 years ago. Artifacts from ancient Egypt (2000 BC) and the Nok civilzation in West Africa (500 BC) show possible elephantiasis symptoms (Filariasis can cause elphantiasis). The first clear reference to the disease occurs in ancient Greek literature, where scholars differentiated the often similar symptoms of lymphatic filariasis from those of Leporacy.

African Sleeping Sickness African sleeping sickness is a parasitic disease cause by tsetse fly. African trypanosomiasis symptoms occur in two stages. The first stage, is characterized by fever, headaches, joint pains, and itching. Disruption of the sleep cycle is a leading symptom of this stage and is the one that gave the disease the name 'sleeping sickness.' Infected individuals experience a disorganized and fragmented 24-hour rhythm of the sleep-wake cycle, resulting in daytime sleep episodes and nighttime periods of wakefulness. The condition has been present in Africa since at least the 14th century, and probably for thousands of years before then. Because of a lack of travel between indigenous people, sleeping sickness in humans had been limited to isolated pockets. This changed once Arab slave traders entered central Africa from the east, following the Congo River, bringing parasites along.
 * (Human African trypanosomiasis)**



Yellow Fever

Yellow fever is an acute viral hemorrhagic disease. Most cases only cause a mild infection with fever, headache, chills, back pain, loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting. However some cases it enters a second, toxic phase of the disease with recurring fever, this time accompanied by jaundice due to liver damage, as well as abdominal pain. Bleeding in the mouth, the eyes, and vomit containing blood. The evolutionary origins of yellow fever most likely lie in Africa. It is thought that the virus originated in East or Central Africa and spread from there to West Africa. As it was endemic in Africa, the natives had developed some immunity to it. When an outbreak of yellow fever would occur in an African village where colonists resided, most Europeans died, while the native population usually suffered nonlethal symptoms resembling influenza.



Sources:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_fever http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:YellowFeverVirus.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neglected_tropical_diseases http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_trypanosomiasis http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:African_trypanosomiasis_deaths_2002.svg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filariasis http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Filariasis_01.png