Lauren+B

Hi, My names Lauren, lets learn history :)


 * Unit 3 Primary Source **
 * Telegraph **
 * The non-electric telegraph was invented by Claude Chappe in 1794. This system was visual and used semaphore, a flag-based alphabet, and depended on a line of sight for communication. The optical telegraph was replaced by the electric telegraph, the focus of this article. After the invention of the electromagnet in 1825 it was incorporated into to telegraph after a few other attempts by other people by Samuel Morse in 1835. Samuel Morse proved that signals could be transmitted by wire. He used pulses of current to deflect an electromagnet, which moved a marker to produce written codes on a strip of paper - the invention of Morse Code . The following year, the device was modified to emboss the paper with dots and dashes. He gave a public demonstration in 1838, but it was not until five years later that Congress funded $30,000 to construct an experimental telegraph line from Washington to Baltimore, a distance of 40 miles. Six years later, members of Congress witnessed the sending and receiving of messages over part of the telegraph line. Before the line had reached Baltimore, the Whig party held its national convention there, and on May 1, 1844, nominated Henry Clay. This news was hand-carried to Annapolis Junction (between Washington and Baltimore) where Morse's partner, Alfred Vail, wired it to the Capitol. This was the first news dispatched by electric telegraph. **


 * I feel this was a very important invention during the Industrial Revolution because communication between developing cities could be sent and retrieved was invented so very quickly. I didn't know that before the Samuel Morse version there were other ones that didn't use electromagnets . I thought that was the only kind. I also didn't know that it was invented so early, i thought it was later in the 1800s. When i went to Alaska I heard that people would steel the wire because it was copper and very valuable towards the time they became outdated.   **

Unit 2 **School of Athens** Zeno of Citium 334 BC – c. 262 BC was a Greek thinker from Citium, Cyprus. He was probably of Phoenician descent. Zeno was the founder of the Stoic school of philosophy, which he taught in Athens from about 300 BC. Based on the moral ideas of the Cynics, Stoicism laid great emphasis on goodness and peace of mind gained from living a life of virtue in accordance with nature. It proved very successful, and flourished as the dominant philosophy from the Hellenistic period through to the Roman era. He fits well in the Renaissance because he is a Roman Philosopher. He has ideas about living in nature and he seems very stereotypical Renaissance with the robe beard and questioning look. I don’t think there should have been anyone else in the painting because he included all the great Greek and Roman thinkers of that time and there is no during that period I can think of. There isn’t really any other philosophers that surpass these ones. Ah, but not all are Greek and Roman! I'm sure someone like Confucious could fit it there?! -SW

Moscow Kremlin, sometimes referred to as simply the Kremlin, is a historic fortified complex at the heart of Moscow, overlooking the Moskva River to the south, Saint Basil's Cathedral and Red Square to the east, and the Alexander Garden to the west. It is the best known of kremlins and includes palaces, four cathedrals, and the enclosing Kremlin Wall with Kremlin Towers. The complex serves as the official residence of the President of the Russian Federation. It can be easily compared to the US white house and its surrounding buildings It has continuously been occupied since the BC era. It was built in the 11th century as what is now known as Russia was constantly attacked. It served as an armory for many years when Napoleon tried to invade. It6s most famous for its orthodox cathedrals such as Church of twelve apostles, Church of Deposition and Robe, Cathedral of Archangel and Michael and Saint Basil’s Cathedral. Not only is it a monument to Russia and a house for the senate it is one of the biggest tourist hot spots in Russia.
 * Moscow Kremlin **

Amazing picture! -SW

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http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/545 Unit 1 The Parthenon is a Greek temple built in the acropolis of Athens and was dedicated to the goddess Athena who was considered their patron deity. It began construction during the height of Athenian power in 447BC and completed construction in 438BC but was continually being decorated until 432BC. It is the most important surviving building of Classical Greece, generally considered the culmination of the development of the Doric column, but was also built from massive amounts of limestone. Its decorative sculptures are considered some of the high points of Greek art. The Parthenon is regarded as an enduring symbol of Ancient Greece, and one of the world's greatest cultural monuments. The Parthenon is currently under reconstruction because there was concern of it falling down.
 * PRIMARY SOURCE: PARTHENON**

I think that the Parthenon is really an awesome piece of Greek history. It encompasses their religion, architecture and technological achievements. I am surprised it was dedicated to a goddess instead of a god because women weren't that respected in Athens. We don't see this sort of detailed architecture anymore even though we see the doric columns used in Idaho they are not as cool as the Parthenon.‍ I find it really sad that people have taken pieces of it and that someday soon it could fall‍. The Parthenon would be a really cool place to visit.

= Oracle Bones =

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Chinese Inscribed Oracle Bones are some of the oldest written documents in the Chinese language. They are inscribed on ox shoulder-blades and the flat under-part of turtle shells to record questions to which answers were sought by divination at the court of the royal house of Shang, which ruled central China between the 16th and 11th centuries B.C. Divination was done by reading the cracks in the bone left by heating them. Having been carefully sawn to shape, the bone was burnished on the front and had hollows chiselled out on the back. The application of heat to the hollows on the back produced the characteristic ├ shaped cracks on the front; this is the origin of the Chinese character卜 ("to divine"). The diviner interpreted the cracks as the answer to his questions, which were engraved on the polished surface alongside the cracks. Most questions were to communicate with ancestors who they believed held the knowledge and power to punish them and tell them what the future held. This also involved many human sacrifices to please the ancestors to bring a good future to China. Oracle Bones were first found in the 1800s by farmers and through out the years over 100,000 have been found because they were constantly asking questions and sacrificing people to their ancestors.